Alcino Silva

in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, for instance, supports conservation projects in situ with its annual grants launched in 2009 (http://phoenixzoo.org/conservation/ global-conservation/). In total, the more than 200 accredited members of the (US) Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) spend over $160 million each year on in situ conservation initiatives based in countries around the world (https://www.aza.org/ conservation-funding/). Bristol Zoo (UK) has recently completed a fundraising appeal to save 750 abandoned African penguin chicks, which were then successfully reintroduced into the wild. This species is endangered to the point that saving individual chicks is of crucial importance for its survival. In a press statement, Christoph Schwitzer, Director of Conservation at Bristol Zoological Society, said: “Unless conservation charities such as us intervene, these chicks would starve to death. We wanted to help so we launched an urgent appeal. Recent research shows that penguin chicks hand-reared at the rescue centre in South Africa survive and reproduce just as well as those naturally reared, when reintroduced back into the wild. We would like to say a massive thankyou to all those who supported